Worm's-eye view of the Scamozzi capitals of Pavilion IX fronting its semicircular entrance niche (photographic scan data Scene)
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The wooden platform could not support the weight of brick columns and marble capitals, and without the wooden platform, the dimensions for this Ionic order façade would not work. The proportions of the entablature and columns match those of the Temple of Fortuna Virilis, and the columns sit atop a wooden platform that fills the entire semicircular niche in front of the door to Pavilion IX. While the rest of the columns on the Lawn are mortared, plaster-covered brick with stone capitals, Pavilion IX has wooden capitals, columns, and pilasters. Pavilion IX wooden Scamozzi capitals (photographic scan data Scene)Ĭosì in tutte le fue parti riesce molto piu regolato, e bello da vedere -Vincenzo Scamozzi, Dell'idea Della Achitecttura Universale, Libro 60 The Pavilion IX capitals at the University of Virginia are in the Scamozzi style. Thomas Jefferson had previously used this style of capital on the columns of the Virginia State Capitol. Capitals with these 8 diagonally-set volutes have come to be known as Scamozzi-style Ionic. These Ionic capitals have four identical faces, with volutes from adjacent sides meeting at their shared corners, creating the illusion of a two-dimensional, traditional two-volute front from any side. Vincenzo Scamozzi, a student of Andrea Palladio, favored a style of Ionic capital with volutes that protrude at a 45° angle from the flat planes of the traditional Ionic capital. Pavilion IX : Scamozzi's Diagonal VolutesĬlick here to view a 3D model of a capital from Pavilion IX
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We also exported point cloud data to ReCap and created this fly-through animation of the northwest portico. Compare the detail on this Villa Rotonda capital with the Pavilion V capital above. Since we only scanned these columns with the terrestrial scanner, fewer details are visible. We scanned Villa Rotonda with FARO Focus 3D terrestrial laser scanners and registered the point cloud data in FARO Scene. Palladio’s Villa Rotonda also has traditional Ionic columns. Meshed 3D terrestrial scan data of columns from the northwest portico of Villa Rotonda (FARO Focus) We then meshed that data with the data from the terrestrial scanner (FARO Focus) to render a 3D model with detail on both sides of the capital. We obtained detailed data using a hand-held structured-light scanner (GoScan) on the balcony side of the capital. We used a combination of terrestrial 3D laser scanning and structured light scanning to collect point cloud data for Pavilion V. Meshed 3D terrestrial scan data of Pavilion V columns (FARO Focus) Thomas Jefferson intended Pavilion V to serve as a general example of the Ionic order.Ĭlick here to view a 3D model of a traditional, ionic capital from Pavilion V The Pavilion V capitals are in the traditional style. The baluster, or length of the scroll, is visible on the sides. The volutes, or ends of the scrolls, are only visible from the front or back, not from the sides, i.e., the intercolumnar space. Traditional Ionic column capitals have two sets of volutes parallel to each other, as if viewing a scroll partially unfurled from the middle.
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Pavilion V Traditional Ionic Capitals, Scan Data Pavilion V represents the traditional Ionic order, Pavilion II represents a specific classical Roman structure, and Pavilion IX showcases Jefferson's own design. Three pavilions on the Lawn are of the Ionic order, and each of these pavilions has a different style of Ionic capital. Pavilions IX and X have unique designs by Jefferson himself, incorporating elements from ancient and contemporary buildings. Pavilions II, IV, VI, and VIII are modeled after specific ancient buildings. Pavilions I, III, V, and VII represent each of the classical orders. Jefferson's designs for the pavilions follow this plan. His architectural pedagogy comprised three steps: first, one must learn the classical orders second, one must study ancient buildings third, one can design their own buildings using the knowledge gained in steps one and two. Thomas Jefferson designed the Academical Village at the University of Virginia to serve as learning tool for students. Thomas Jefferson to William Cabell Rives, 25 November 1825 he introduction of chaste models, taken from the finest remains of antiquity, of the orders of architecture, and of specimens of the choicest samples of each order, was considered as a necessary foundation of instruction for the Students in this art. The Academical Village: Thomas Jefferson's Didactic Landscape Architectural Details Ionic Capitals at the Academical VillageĪcademical Village Pavilion V Pavilion IX Pavilion II Sources